The selection of CNC lathe cutting parameters, including cutting amount, is crucial for achieving optimal machining results, such as improved surface finish, reduced tool wear, and increased productivity. The cutting amount refers to the depth of cut (DOC) and the feed rate during the machining process. Here are some considerations for selecting the appropriate cutting amount for CNC lathe operations:
Material of the workpiece
Different materials have different properties, such as hardness, toughness, and machinability. So, the cutting amount should be chosen based on the material being machined. Harder materials may require smaller depth of cuts and slower feed rates to avoid excessive tool wear and damage.
Rigidity of the setup
The rigidity of the machine tool and workpiece setup is essential for stable machining. If the setup is not rigid enough, higher cutting amounts may lead to chatter and vibration, affecting the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the part.
Tool condition and material
The condition of the cutting tool, such as the sharpness and wear, affects the cutting performance. High-quality cutting tools with appropriate coatings may allow for higher cutting amounts and better results.
Cutting tool geometry
The type of cutting tool and its geometry, such as the nose radius, clearance angles, and rake angles, play a significant role in determining the appropriate cutting amount. Certain tool geometries perform better with specific cutting amounts.
Machining operation
Different machining operations, such as roughing, finishing, and contouring, require different cutting amounts. Roughing may use higher depths of cut to remove material quickly, while finishing may use smaller depths of cut for better surface finish.
Machine capabilities
Consider the capabilities of the CNC lathe, including its power, torque, and spindle speed. Some machines may be limited in terms of the maximum cutting amount they can handle.
Safety considerations
Higher cutting amounts may increase the risk of tool breakage or other safety issues. Always prioritize operator safety when selecting cutting amounts.
Trial and error
In some cases, the optimal cutting amount may need to be determined through trial and error. Start with conservative cutting parameters and gradually increase them while monitoring the machining results and tool performance.
Ultimately, the selection of the cutting amount should be based on a balance between productivity, tool life, surface finish, and dimensional accuracy. Consulting with experienced machinists and using manufacturer recommendations can also be helpful in determining the best cutting parameters for your specific CNC lathe machining operation.
The cutting amount in the CNC turning process of the CNC lathe includes the amount of back cutting a. , spindle speed s or cutting speed” (for constant linear speed cutting), feed speed or feed amount fo these parameters should be selected within the allowable range given by the machine tool.
Whether the turning amount (aP, ,, “) is selected reasonably has a very important role in whether the potential of the machine tool and the cutting performance of the tool can be fully utilized, and the realization of high quality, high yield, low cost and safe operation. The selection principle of the amount of turning is: rough turning When , first consider choosing the largest possible amount of back cut, secondly, choose a larger feed, and finally determine a suitable cutting speed.” Increasing the back-feed amount a of the CNC lathe can reduce the number of tool passes and increase the feed, which is conducive to chip breaking.
When finishing turning, the machining accuracy and surface roughness are required to be high, and the machining allowance is not large and uniform. Therefore, when choosing the cutting amount of finishing turning, we should focus on how to ensure the processing quality, and on this basis, do our best to improve productivity. Therefore, a small (but not too small) back-cut amount a and feed f should be selected during finishing, and high-performance tool materials and reasonable geometric parameters should be selected to increase the cutting speed v as much as possible.
The Precautions Of CNC Lathe Cutting Amount
Spindle Speed
The spindle speed should be determined according to the diameter of the machined part on the part and the cutting speed allowed by the material and processing properties of the part and tool. In addition to calculation and table look-up selection, the cutting speed can also be determined according to practical experience. It should be noted that the low-speed output torque of the AC variable frequency speed control CNC lathe is small, so the cutting speed cannot be too low.
Spindle Speed When Threading
When CNC lathes process threads, due to the change of the transmission chain, in principle, the rotational speed should not be restricted as long as it can ensure that the tool can be displaced by one pitch in the direction of the main feed axis (mostly the z-axis) when the spindle rotates once. However, when the CNC lathe turns threads, it will be affected by the following aspects.
- The pitch value commanded in the thread machining block is equivalent to the feed amount(mm/r) represents the feed rate F, if the spindle speed of the machine tool is selected too high, the converted feed rate (mm/min) must greatly exceed the normal value.
- The CNC lathe tool will be constrained by the frequency of the servo drive system and the interpolation operation speed of the numerical control device throughout the displacement process. Because the frequency of the rise and fall cannot meet the processing needs and other reasons, it may be caused by the main feed movement. “Leading” and “lag” lead to part of the thread pitch does not meet the requirements.
- The thread turning must be realized by the synchronous running function of the spindle, that is, the thread turning needs a spindle pulse generator (encoder). When the spindle speed is selected too high, the positioning pulse sent by the encoder (that is, a reference pulse signal sent out for each revolution of the spindle) may be caused by “overshoot” (especially when the quality of the encoder is unstable) Cause the workpiece thread to produce random lines (commonly known as “rotten teeth”).
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